Apologies for the delay in replying, other aspects of the business have required my attention and I’ve had to get myself vaguely familiar with everything again + getting magento dependancies fixed in order to update to 2.3.0.
1and1
Looking over everything again, my domain’s type ‘A’ record did not point to my store server, instead
it pointed to what I assume is 1and1’s address, that has now been changed!
This is a picture of the redirect tab with an explanation 1and1 has for the ‘frame’ you asked about:
My current config is that it just redirects from the domain to the server address, so if you type in the domain name it changes to the server address in the url field.
Apache Config
Now this is interesting, under sites-available in the apache2 directory there is the .conf file 000-default, after looking at online guides they setup new files titled as the domains used. (Not sure if I am meant to do the same)
I looked into this 000-default.conf and it shows the following:
This file does not contain one for port 443 which is needed for SSL? Do you have any videos showing the configuration of this?
Base URLs
These have been changed back to the default server address until I can be sure it won’t mega-break requiring time i currently don’t really have to fix at the moment, simply because customers are actively using the site which obviously makes this kinda tricky if I can’t get it fixed in time…
Answering unanswered notes
Yep we have been doing this but it still doesn’t fix, we’ve been having to do this when resetting the urls back to the default address in order to regain access to anything through chrome, including both the admin tab and store 
I’m not sure how to do this in relations to Apache, which I think may be the issue with the base url issue